ARDUINO

Previous裝置 NextLINUX / RASPBERRY PI

Last updated 5 years ago

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ARDUINO

總覽

本文件與Thinger.io平台的Arduino客戶端程式庫版本相關。使用此程式庫，您可以使用乙太網，Wifi，GSM連接任何Arduino開發板或其他相容的開發板（如ESP8266，NodeMCU和TI CC3200）。

客戶端程式庫允許將您的IoT裝置連接到雲端平台。這是專為Arduino IDE設計的程式庫，因此您可以在幾分鐘內輕易的對裝置程式設計建立出Input與Output資源以連接它們。

當數據上線，即可顯示於儀表板上、儲存在數據儲存桶(data bucket)中或透過端點發送給第三方服務。

此平台能夠支援多種網路接口，如Ethernet Shield，Wifi Shield和GSM它還支援其他開發板，如ESP8266（或NodeMCU），TI CC3200。其對Arduino IDE的版本要求為>=1.6.3。

安裝

開始建構Thinger.io裝置的第一步是在Arduino IDE中安裝程式庫，以支援揭露裝置資源。如：傳感器產生值、指示燈、繼電器狀態與操作等。

如果您尚未安裝Arduino IDE，這將是一個開始的好時機，這邊有一些建議可以幫助您選擇正確的版本。

Arduino IDE

此平台的Arduino IDE最低需求為版本1.6.3，且需要支援程式庫管理器，如您尚未安裝Arduino IDE可由官方網站下載最新版。

這裡提供了兩種安裝程式庫的方案，首選方案為使用Arduino IDE提供的程式庫管理器，它簡化了搜尋與安裝新庫的過程。當新版本發布時也可透過管理器進行更新，因此建議盡可能使用此方法安裝。

安裝函式庫的第二個方案是採用傳統的下載與匯入zip函式庫的方式。

程式庫管理器

在Arduino IDE中安裝程式庫的最簡單方法是使用程式庫管理器。要安裝thinger.io程式庫，請按照以下步驟操作：

打開 管理程式庫

打開程式庫管理器：在Arduino的選單中打開程式庫管理器 工具 > 管理程式庫

搜尋並安裝 thinger.io 程式庫

搜尋 thinger.io ，然後點擊 Install 進行安裝。官方發布更新後，您也可以從此管理器更新程式庫。

現在，應該可以使用一些程式庫提供的範例。

手動匯入

如果使用程式庫管理器的方式不起作用，或者您希望自己管理程式庫，則也可以通過傳統方式進行安裝。

從下面的Github連接處下載最新版本的程式庫，這將下載一個名為Arduino-Library-master.zip的文件。

現在，將Arduino-Library-master.zip重命名為更相關的名稱，如thinger.zip。

最後一步是使用Arduino IDE匯入這個zip程式庫。這個步驟將解壓縮並複製這個zip程式庫進Arduino程式庫資料夾。這通常位於您的文件資料夾下。

草稿碼 > 匯入程式庫 > 加入.ZIP程式庫..

現在，應該可以使用一些程式庫提供的範例。

支援的硬體

Thinger.io平台幾乎支援所有具有通訊功能的微控制器或裝置，無論該裝置是否原生具有乙太網、WiFi、GSM或是核心是否來自特定供應商，皆可結合到雲端中。因此，硬體的選擇變得多樣，您可以自由選擇想要/合適的裝置，本平台並不會要求購買特定的相容裝置，這在設計物廉網專案時至關重要。

在以下各節中，有一些與Arduino IDE相容的裝置。

對於Raspberry Pi，Intel Edison，BeagleBone Black等其他裝置，或任何其他執行Linux發行版的裝置，請參考Linux文檔。

Arduino + Ethernet

The Arduino Ethernet Shield connects your Arduino to the internet in mere minutes. Just plug this module onto your Arduino board, connect it to your network with an RJ45 cable, and you are almost done to start controlling your world through the internet.

The following example will allow connecting your device to the cloud platform in a few lines. Just replace the sketch username, deviceId, and deviceCredential with your own credentials.

#include <SPI.h>
#include <Ethernet.h>
#include <ThingerEthernet.h>

ThingerEthernet thing("username", "deviceId", "deviceCredential");

void setup() {
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

Arduino + Wifi

The Arduino Wifi Shield is a poweful IoT shield that connects your Arduino board to the internet wirelessly. Connecting it to a WiFi network is simple, no further configuration in addition to the SSID and the password are required. The WiFi Shield comes with an easy-to-use library that allows to connect your Arduino board to the internet with few instructions. This is also applied to the Thinger client, so you can connect your Arduino + Wifi Shield to the platform in a few lines of code.

The following example will allow connecting your device to the cloud platform in a few lines. Just replace the sketch username, deviceId, and deviceCredential with your own credentials, and the wifi_ssid, wifi_password with the WiFi credentials.

#include <SPI.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ThingerWifi.h>

ThingerWifi thing("username", "deviceId", "deviceCredential");

void setup() {
    thing.add_wifi("wifi_ssid", "wifi_password");
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

Arduino + CC3000

The CC3000 chip from Texas Instruments was one of the first low-cost WiFi chips that revolutionized the IoT maker ecosystem. In contrary to the other available WiFi alternatives, like the WiFi shield, the CC3000 appeared at a low cost (about 10$) for their time. It is a powerful chip as it integrates the whole TCP/IP stack and many other protocols. Some vendors like Adadruit started to build modules and libraries for integrating this chip with the Arduino ecosystem. Thanks to the libraries provided by Adafruit is then possible to build connected device with a few lines of code.

So for this module is required to have installed the Adafruit CC3000 Libraries, as they are directly used by the thinger client. You can download it here.

#include <Adafruit_CC3000.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <ccspi.h>
#include <ThingerCC3000.h>

ThingerCC3000 thing("username", "deviceId", "deviceCredential");

void setup() {
    thing.add_wifi("wifi_ssid", "wifi_password");
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

Arduino Yun

The Arduino Yún is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega32u4 and the Atheros AR9331. The Atheros processor supports a Linux distribution based on OpenWrt named OpenWrt-Yun. The board has built-in Ethernet and WiFi support, a USB-A port, micro-SD card slot, 20 digital input/output pins (of which 7 can be used as PWM outputs and 12 as analog inputs), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a micro USB connection, an ICSP header, and 3 reset buttons. This board let the programmable ATmega32u4 communicate with Internet by using the Bridge Library that expose some functions running in the Linux distribution.

The following example will allow connecting the Yun to the cloud platform in a few lines. Just replace the sketch username, deviceId, and deviceCredential with your own credentials. Notice that it is not required to configure any network parameter in the code, as this managed by the running Linux distribution. However you many need to connect with your Arduino Yun via WiFi to connect it some local network.

#include <BridgeSSLClient.h>
#include <ThingerYun.h>

#define USERNAME "your_user_name"
#define DEVICE_ID "your_device_id"
#define DEVICE_CREDENTIAL "your_device_credential"

ThingerYun thing(USERNAME, DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_CREDENTIAL);

void setup() {
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

  // initialize bridge
  Bridge.begin();

  // pin control example (i.e. turning on/off a light, a relay, etc)
  thing["led"] << digitalPin(LED_BUILTIN);

  // resource output example (i.e. reading a sensor value, a variable, etc)
  thing["millis"] >> outputValue(millis());
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

⚠ NOTE: For using Arduino Yun, the device must be connected to a network with Internet, just with Ethernet or a Wifi connection.

Arduino MKR1000

The Arduino MKR1000 is a microcontroller based on the Atmel ATSAMW25 SoC (System on Chip), that is part of the SmartConnect family of Atmel Wireless devices, specifically designed for IoT projects and devices. A good 32 bit computational power similar to the Zero board, the usual rich set of I/O interfaces, low power Wi-Fi with a Cryptochip for secure communication, and the ease of use of the Arduino Software (IDE) for code development and programming. All these features make this board the preferred choice for the emerging IoT battery-powered projects in a compact form factor.

The following example will allow connecting the MKR1000 to the cloud platform in a few lines using secure connections (TLS/SSL). Just replace the sketch username, deviceId, and deviceCredential with your own credentials, and the wifi_ssid, wifi_password with the WiFi credentials.

#include <WiFi101.h>
#include <ThingerWifi101.h>

ThingerWifi101 thing("username", "deviceId", "deviceCredential");

void setup() {
  thing.add_wifi("your_wifi_ssid", "your_wifi_ssid_password");
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

⚠ NOTE: For using MKR1000 over the default TLS/SSL connection it is required to install the Thinger.io server certificate in the board with the Wifi101 Firmware Updater located in the Tools menu.

Or it is possible to disable the secure TLS/SSL connection, by declaring the following define before any other include:

#define _DISABLE_TLS_
// other includes goes here

Arduino Nano 33 IoT

In the same iconic size of the Arduino Nano, the Arduino Nano 33 IoT hosts an Arm Cortex-M0+ SAMD21 processor, a WiFi and Bluetooth module based on ESP32, a 6 axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a crypto chip which can securely store certificates and pre shared keys.

The integration with Thinger.io requires downloading an aditional library called "Arduino WiFiNINA" that allows communicating with the U-BLOX WiFi module.

The following example will allow connecting the MKR1000 to the cloud platform in a few lines using secure connections (TLS/SSL). Just replace the sketch username, deviceId, and deviceCredential with your own credentials, and the wifi_ssid, wifi_password with the WiFi credentials.

#include <ThingerWiFiNINA.h>

#define USERNAME "your_user_name"
#define DEVICE_ID "your_device_id"
#define DEVICE_CREDENTIAL "your_device_credential"

#define SSID "your_wifi_ssid"
#define SSID_PASSWORD "your_wifi_ssid_password"

ThingerWiFiNINA thing(USERNAME, DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_CREDENTIAL);

void setup() {
  // configure wifi network
  thing.add_wifi(SSID, SSID_PASSWORD);

  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

  // pin control example (i.e. turning on/off a light, a relay, etc)
  thing["led"] << digitalPin(LED_BUILTIN);

  // resource output example (i.e. reading a sensor value, a variable, etc)
  thing["millis"] >> outputValue(millis());

  // more details at http://gtrx8fd3ds.gitbook.io/thinger-io/arduino/
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

⚠ NOTE: For using MKR WIFI1010 over the default TLS/SSL connection it is required to install the Thinger.io server certificate in the board with the Wifi101/WiFiNINA Firmware Updater located in the Tools menu and including "thinger.io:443" domain in the bottom text input.

Or it is possible to disable the secure TLS/SSL connection, by declaring the following define before any other include:

#define _DISABLE_TLS_
// other includes goes here

Arduino Uno WiFi Rev2

The Arduino Uno WiFi is functionally the same as the Arduino Uno Rev3, but with the addition of WiFi and some other enhancements. It incorporates a brand new 8-bit microprocessor from Microchip and has an onboard IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit). The Wi-Fi Module is a self-contained SoC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can provide access to a Wi-Fi network, or act as an access point.

The integration with Thinger.io requires downloading an aditional library called "Arduino WiFiNINA" that allows communicating with the U-BLOX WiFi module.

#include <ThingerWiFiNINA.h>

#define USERNAME "your_user_name"
#define DEVICE_ID "your_device_id"
#define DEVICE_CREDENTIAL "your_device_credential"

#define SSID "your_wifi_ssid"
#define SSID_PASSWORD "your_wifi_ssid_password"

ThingerWiFiNINA thing(USERNAME, DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_CREDENTIAL);

void setup() {
  // configure wifi network
  thing.add_wifi(SSID, SSID_PASSWORD);

  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

  // pin control example (i.e. turning on/off a light, a relay, etc)
  thing["led"] << digitalPin(LED_BUILTIN);

  // resource output example (i.e. reading a sensor value, a variable, etc)
  thing["millis"] >> outputValue(millis());

  // more details at http://gtrx8fd3ds.gitbook.io/thinger-io/arduino/
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

Or it is possible to disable the secure TLS/SSL connection, by declaring the following define before any other include:

#define _DISABLE_TLS_
// other includes goes here

Arduino MKR GSM1400

Arduino MKR GSM 1400 has been designed to offer a practical and cost effective solution for makers seeking to add global GSM connectivity to their projects with minimal previous experience in networking. It is based on the Atmel SAMD21 and a SARAU201 GSM module.

The following example will allow connecting the GSM1400 to the cloud platform in a few lines using secure connections (TLS/SSL). Just replace the sketch username, deviceId, and deviceCredential with your own credentials, and the GPRS_APN, GPRS_LOGIN, GPRS_PASSWORD, and PIN_NUMBER with your SIM information.

#include <MKRGSM.h>
#include <ThingerMKRGSM.h>

#define USERNAME "your_user_name"
#define DEVICE_ID "your_device_id"
#define DEVICE_CREDENTIAL "your_device_credential"

#define PIN_NUMBER "your_pin"

#define GPRS_APN "your_apn_name"
#define GPRS_LOGIN "your_gprs_login"
#define GPRS_PASSWORD "your_gprs_password"

ThingerMKRGSM thing(USERNAME, DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_CREDENTIAL);

void setup() {
  // optional set pin number
  thing.set_pin(PIN_NUMBER);

  // set APN
  thing.set_apn(GPRS_APN, GPRS_LOGIN, GPRS_PASSWORD);

  // set builtin led to output
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

  // pin control example over internet (i.e. turning on/off a light, a relay, etc)
  thing["led"] << digitalPin(LED_BUILTIN);

  // resource output example (i.e. reading a sensor value, a variable, etc)
  thing["millis"] >> outputValue(millis());
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

ESP8266 / NodeMCU

The ESP8266 chip from Espressif was the new generation of low-cost WiFi chips after the TI CC3000/CC3200. This small chip not only integrates the whole WiFi features, but also a powerful programmable MCU. Depending on the board layout (ESP-01, ESP-03, ESP-07, ESP12, etc) it is attached to a programmable flash, ranging from 512K to 4M. This increases the available user code space, and make possible other cool features like a small file system, or OTA updates.

This devices can be directly programmed from the Arduino IDE. You can follow the following steps if you did not programmed this boards with the Arduino IDE. The only requirement is to install the board via the Arduino Boards Manager.

Next, go to the Boards manager to install the ESP8266 package. Search for the esp8266 and install the package esp8266 by ESP8266 Community

Tools > Boards > Board manager... Then search and install the esp8266 package.

Now you can program almost any ESP8266 directly from the Arduino IDE. From the Tools > Boards you should see now the new ESP8266 boards installed. Select your board to be able to compile code for the ESP8266.

Select the ESP8266 based board you will program from Tools > Boards

#include <SPI.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ThingerWifi.h>

ThingerWifi thing("username", "deviceId", "deviceCredential");

void setup() {
  thing.add_wifi("wifi_ssid", "wifi_credentials");
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

Since library version 2.5.0, the ESP8266 will connect by default using secure sockets layers (SSL/TLS). However, if you want to disable the secure TLS/SSL connection, you can declare the following define before any other include.

#define _DISABLE_TLS_
// other includes goes here

Special ESP8266 Features

SmartConfig allows one to configure board's WiFi credentials via an external device on the same network (e.g. smartphone or another wifi client). This means no sensitive information goes into a sketch nor in a config file on a device.

Deep Sleep is a special mode of ESP8266 which allows it to shut down most of the circuits and wake up after some configurable time. For deep sleep (and wake up) to work properly, one has to connect GPIO16 (usually a D0 on dev boards) and RST pins.

However, some boards chose to wire a built-in LED to the same D0 pin, and will go into a crash loop when using ThingerSmartConfig class, which uses the LED as a debugging aid at runtime. The solution is to use an overloaded constructor and disable its use of the LED.

ThingerSmartConfig thing(USERNAME,
                         DEVICE_ID,
                         DEVICE_CREDENTIAL,
                         false); // required for deep sleep

ESP32 / Expressif Wroom 32

ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. There are multiple modules based on this microcontroller that includes different kinds of antennas, pinouts and memory extensions. It is the successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller and is designed to be one of the most relevant IoT impultors during the next years and there is a great diversity of PCBs that exploit its capacities together with other peripherals, integrating LoRa communication, audio amplifiers, LCD screens, etc.

Next, go to the Boards manager to install the ESP8266 package. Search for the esp8266 and install the package esp8266 by ESP8266 Community

After this proces you shold be able to select this PCB on your Arduino IDE and start creating your IoT projects with Thinger.io. The following example will allow connecting your device to the cloud platform in a few lines. Just replace the sketch username, deviceId, and deviceCredential with your own credentials, and the wifi_ssid, wifi_password with the WiFi credentials.

#include <ThingerESP32.h>

#define USERNAME "your_user_name"
#define DEVICE_ID "your_device_id"
#define DEVICE_CREDENTIAL "your_device_credential"

#define SSID "your_wifi_ssid"
#define SSID_PASSWORD "your_wifi_ssid_password"

ThingerESP32 thing(USERNAME, DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_CREDENTIAL);

void setup() {
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

  thing.add_wifi(SSID, SSID_PASSWORD);

  // digital pin control example (i.e. turning on/off a light, a relay, configuring a parameter, etc)
  thing["led"] << digitalPin(LED_BUILTIN);

  // resource output example (i.e. reading a sensor value)
  thing["millis"] >> outputValue(millis());

  // more details at http://gtrx8fd3ds.gitbook.io/thinger-io/arduino/
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

Special ESP32 Features

DeepSleep: ESP32 Sleep mode is a power-saving state that ESP32 can enter when not in use, keeping down the power consumption to 2.5 micro ampheres, maintaining the processor status in the RAM and allowing to save batery on full wireless implementations. However, when the ESP32 executes this function, all the communication will be losted, being not possible to communicate with the device, until wake-up event turns it in normal mode again.

Web Config: Is a proccess that allows to configure board's WiFi credentials in execution time using a local web server hosted by the device. This feature allows creating products with flexibe configuration.

Thinger ESP32 Core

This freature is work in progress

TI Launchpad CC3200

The TI CC3200 was the natural evolution of the CC3000/CC3100 chip. Instead on providing a single chip for managing the WiFi communications, it also integrates a powerful programmable MCU, in the same way the ESP8266 is doing. So you can program your code and have WiFi capabilities right out of the box. The easiest way to start with this chip is by using the TI CC3200 Launchpad, which integrates the chip, as well as some sensors, leds, and the USB to serial so you can program the board right from the USB.

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ThingerWifi.h>

ThingerWifi thing("username", "deviceId", "deviceCredential");

void setup() {
    thing.add_wifi("wifi_ssid", "wifi_password");
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

Arduino + ENC28J60

The ENC28J60 is a very cheap Ethernet controller that can be used with our Arduinos to extend its connectivity. The main advantage of this controller is that it is inexpensive, as you can find this module for a few dollars. The bad news is that all the TCP/IP stack, DNS features, and so on, must run in the microcontroller itself, so there is no enough space in stock Arduinos for building things. This way, for integrating the thinger.io libraries in the sketch, it would be necessary to disable the DHCP protocol (that uses UDP under the hood), and assign a manual IP address. If this is ok for you, then this module can be a great option.

The following example will allow connecting your device to the cloud platform in a few lines. Just replace the sketch username, deviceId, and deviceCredential with your own credentials.

// UIPEthernet for ENC28J60: https://github.com/ntruchsess/arduino_uip
#include <UIPEthernet.h>
#include <ThingerENC28J60.h>

#define USERNAME "your_username"
#define DEVICE_ID "your_device_id"
#define DEVICE_CREDENTIAL "your_device_credential"

ThingerENC28J60 thing(USERNAME, DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_CREDENTIAL);

void setup() {
  // ENC28J60 using fixed IP Address. DHCP is too big for the sketch.
  uint8_t mac[6] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05};
  Ethernet.begin(mac, IPAddress(192, 168, 1, 125));

  pinMode(2, OUTPUT);

  // pin control example (i.e. turning on/off a light, a relay, etc)
  thing["led"] << digitalPin(2);

  // resource output example (i.e. reading a sensor value)
  thing["millis"] >> outputValue(millis());
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

SeeedStudio LinkIT ONE

The LinkIt ONE development board is an open source, high performance, Arduino footprint board for prototyping Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The list of capabilities is truly staggering. The board is based around a powerful ARM7 EJ-S™ processor, but has onboard GSM, GPRS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth BR/EDR/BLE, GPS, Audio codec, and SD card connector (and more!).

Pin-out similar to Arduino boards, including Digital I/O, Analog I/O, PWM, I2C, SPI, UART and power supply, compatible with Grove 4-pin interface. Although the board is made by Seeed, the chipset is made by MediaTek, a large Chinese company who are already offering significant SDK / support resources.

WIFI Connection

#include <LTask.h>
#include <LWiFi.h>
#include <LWiFiClient.h>
#include <ThingerLinkItOneWifi.h>

ThingerLinkItOneWifi thing("username", "deviceId", "deviceCredential");

void setup() {
    thing.add_wifi("wifi_ssid", "wifi_password");
}

void loop() {
    thing.handle();
}

GPRS Connection

It is also possible to connect the board by using the GPRS connection, so it does not require a WiFi connection for the communication, improving the board mobility. Note that the current version of the LinkIt ONE does not support a SIM with PIN, so remove the PIN befor its use. In this case, it is only necessary to provide the apn, username, and password provided by your network operator. But you can skip this process if your SIM already integrates this information.

#include <LGPRS.h>
#include <LGPRSClient.h>
#include <ThingerLinkItOneGPRS.h>

ThingerLinkItOneGPRS thing("user_id", "device_id", "device_credential");

void setup() {
  thing.set_apn("apn", "username", "password");
}

void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}

Previous裝置 NextLINUX / RASPBERRY PI

Last updated 5 years ago

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